16 Tenses dalam bahasa inggris dan fungsi 16 tenses - Dalam bahasa inggris dikenal ada 16 tenses . Tenses adalah bentuk dari kata kerja (verb) yang menunjukan waktu suatu tindakan dalam kalimat bahasa inggris. Tenses memiliki aturan dalam penempatan pada suatu kalimat. Tenses akan dibedakan menjadi 16 tenses dan masing-masing memiliki fungsi dan keterangan waktu yang berbeda.
Waktu dalam tenses terdiri 3 yaitu- Sekarang (Present)
- Lampau (Past)
- Akan Datang (Future)
Simple Present Tense
Fungsi
Simple Present Tense - Fungsi Simple Present Tense adalah untuk menyatakan
sesuatu yang bersifat tetap, kebiasaan dan berulang secara rutin. Kejadian pada
tensen Simple Present Tense sering menyangkut diwaktu Lampau, sekarang dan yang
akan datang.
Formula
:
(+) S + V s/es
- Devi breakfasts every morning
- I Go to school by bike
- Sun Rises from east
(-) S + Do / Does + Not + V1
- Devi does not breakfast every morning
- I do not go to school by bike
- Sun does not Rise from east
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + ?
-Does Devi breakfast every morning?
- Do You go to school by bike ?
- Does Sun Rise from east?
Present Continuous Tense
Fungsi
Present Continuous Tense - Fungsi Present Continuous Tense adalah untuk
menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini atau
tindakan yang sedang berlangsung.
Formula
:
(+) S + Be ( Am, Are , Is ) + V ing
- Devi is Reading the book in her bed room
- I am going to
school by bike
- Sun is Rising from east
(-) S + Be ( Am, Are , Is ) + not + V ing
- Devi is not Reading the book in her bed room
- I am not going
to school by bike
- Sun is not Rising from east
(?) Be ( Am, Are , Is ) + S + V ing (?)
- Is Devi reading the book in her bed room?
- Are You going to school by bike ?
- Is Sun Rising from east ?
Presen Perfect Tense
Fungsi
Presen Perfect Tense - Fungsi Presen Perfect Tense adalah untuk menyatakan
suatu tindakan yang menitik beratkan pada sudah atau selesainya suatu tindakan
tersebut bukan pada waktunya. Pada Presen Perfect Tense tidak pernah diikuti
oleh keterangan waktu
Formula
:
(+) S + have / has + V3
- Devi has Read the book until 216 page
- I have gone to
school by bike
- Sun has Risen from east
(-) S + have / has + not + V3
- Devi has not Read the book until 216 page
- I have not gone
to school by bike
- Sun has not Risen from east
(?)Have / has + S + V3 ?
- Has Devi Read the book until 216 page?
- have you gone to school by bike ?
- Has Sun Risen from east ?
Present Perfect Continuous tense
Fungsi
Present Perfect Continuous tense - Fungsi Present Perfect Continuous tense
adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang dilakukan dimasa lampau dan masih
dikerjakan dimasa sekarang
Formula:
(+) S + have / has + been + V ing
- Devi has been Reading the book every morning
- I have been going
to school by bike
- Sun has been Rising
from east
(-) S + have / has + been + not + V ing
- Devi has been not Reading the book every morning
- I have been not
going to school by bike
- Sun has been not Rising from east
(?)Have / has + S + been + V ing ?
- Has Devi been Reading the book every morning?
- have you been going to school by bike ?
- Has Sun been Rising
from east ?
Catatan
:
- pengunaan kalimat untuk perbandingan 2 tindakan We have lived here for 10 years = We have been living here for 10 years
- I have been waiting since 2 o’clock
Simple Past tense
Fungsi
Simple Past tense - Fungsi Simple Past tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu
tindakan yang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Formula
:
(+) S + V2
- Devi Read the book yesterday
- I went to school by bike
- Sun Rose from east
(-) S + did + not + V2
- Devi did not Read the book yesterday
- I did not went to school by bike
- Sun did not Rose from east
(?) Did + S + V2 + ?
- Did Devi Read the book yesterday?
- Did You went to school by bike ?
- Did Sun Rose from east?
Past Continuous Tense
Fungsi
Past Continuous Tense - Fungsi Past Continuous Tense Adalah untuk menyatakan
tindakan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan pada waktu yang sama dimasa lampau
terjadi tindakan yang lain.
Formula
:
(+) S + was/ were + V ing
- Devi was Reading the book until 216 page
- I was going to school by bike
- Sun was Rising from east
(-) S + was / were + not + V ing
- Devi was not Reading the book until 216 page
- I was not going
to school by bike
- Sun was not Rising from east
(?) Was / were + S + V ing (?)
- Was Devi reading the book until 216 page?
- Was You going to school by bike ?
- Was Sun Rising from east ?
Contoh :
- I was reading a newspaper when father came home
- When he left the sun was shining brightly
Past Perfect Tense
Fungsi
Past Perfect Tense - Fungsi Past Perfect Tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu
tindakan yang sudah selesai dilakukan diwaktu lampau. Tenses ini tidak dapat
berdiri sendiri tetapi harus diikuti denan kalimat past tense.
Formula
:
(+) S + had + V3
- Devi had Read the book in her bad room
- I had gone to
school by bike
- Sun had Risen from east
(-) S + had + not + V3
- Devi had not Read the book in her bad room
- I had not gone
to school by bike
- Sun had not Risen from east
(?) Had + S + V3 ?
- Had Devi Read the book in her bad room?
- Had you gone to school by bike ?
- Had Sun Risen from east ?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Fungsi
Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Fungsi Past Perfect Continuous Tense adalah
untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang berlansun dimasa lampau ketika suatu
tindakan lainnya memiliki hubungan dengan tindakan pertama.
Formula :
(+) S + had + been + V ing
- Devi had been Reading the book every morning
- I had been going
to school by bike
- Sun had been
Rising from east
(-) S + had + not + been + V ing
- Devi had not been Reading the book every morning
- I had not been going
to school by bike
- Sun had not been Rising from east
(?) Had + S + been + V ing ?
- Had Devi been Reading the book every morning?
- had you been going to school by bike ?
- Had Sun been
Rising from east ?
Contoh :
They had been living in France for 5 years when the war
began
Simple Future Tense
Fungsi
Simple Future Tense - Funsi Simple Future tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu
tindakan yan akan terjadi diwaktu mendatang.
Formula :
(+) S + shall / will + V 1
- Devi will Read the book every morning
- I shall go to
school by bike
- Sun will Rise
from east
(-) S + shall / we + not + V 1
- Devi will not Read the book every morning
- I shall not go to school by bike
- Sun will not Rise from east
(?) Shall / will + S + V1 ?
- Will Devi Read the book every morning?
- Will you go to school by bike ?
- Will Sun Rise from east?
Future Continuous Tense
Fungsi
Future Continuous Tense - Fungsi Future Continuous Tense Adalah untuk
menyatakan tindakan yan diperkirakan sedang berlangsung pada saat tertentu
diwaktu yang akan datang
Formula :
(+) S + shall / will + be + V ing
- Devi will be Reading the book every morning
- I shall be going
to school by bike
- Sun will be Rising from east
(-) S + shall / we +not + be + Ving
- Devi will not be Reading the book every morning
- I shall not be go
to school by bike
- Sun will not be Rise from east
(?) Shall / will + S + be + V1 ?
- Will Devi be Reading the book every morning?
- Will you be going
to school by bike ?
- Will Sun be Rising from east?
Future Perfect Tense
Fungsi
Future Perfect Tense - Fungsi Future Perfect Tense adalah untuk menyatakan
tindakan yan diperkirakan telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu mendatang
Formula :
(+) S + shall / will + have+ V 3
- Devi will have Read the book in her bed room
- I shall have gone
to school by bike
- Sun will have Risen from east
(-) S + shall / will + not + have + V 3
- Devi will not have Read the book in her bed room
- I shall not have
gone to school by bike
- Sun will not have Risen from east
(?) S + shall / will + have+ V 3 ?
- Will Devi have Read the book in her bed room?
- Will you have gone to school by bike ?
- Will Sun have Risen from east ?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Fungsi
Future Perfect Continuous Tense - Fungsi Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah
untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang diperkirakan akan berlangsung dalam kurun
waktu tertentu diwaktu mendatang.
Formula :
(+) S + shall / will + have been + V ing
- Devi will have been Reading the book every morning
- I shall have been
going to school by bike
- Sun will have been Rising from east
(-) S + shall / we +not + have been + Ving
- Devi will not have been Reading the book every morning
- I shall not have
been go to school by bike
- Sun will not have been Rise from east
(?) Shall / will + S + have been + Ving ?
- Will Devi have been Reading the book every morning?
- Will you have been
going to school by bike ?
- Will Sun have been Rising from east?
Simple Past Future Tense
Fungsi
Simple Past Future Tense - Fungsi Simple Past Future Tense adalah untuk
menyatakan tindakan yang bersifat pengandaian (Conditional) atau kalimat tidak
lansung.(Reported Speech)
Formula :
(+) S + should / would + V 1
- Devi would Read book the every morning
- I should go to
school by bike
- Sun would Rise
from east
(-) S + should / would + not + V 1
- Devi would not Read the book every morning
- I should not go
to school by bike
- Sun would not Rise from east
(?) Should / would + S + V1 ?
- Would Devi Read the book every morning?
- Would you go to school by bike ?
- Would Sun Rise from east?
Contoh
:
If I
were you I should marry her (Conditional)
He
said that he would go abroad this week (Reported Speech)
Past Future Continuous Tense
Fungsi
Past Future Continuous Tense - Fungsi Past Future Continuous Tense adalah
digunakan untuk kalimat Reported Speech
Formula:
(+) S + should / would be + Ving
- Devi would be Reading the book every morning
- I should be going
to school by bike
- Sun would be Rising
from east
(-) S + should / would + not + be + Ving
- Devi would not be Reading the book every morning
- I should not be going
to school by bike
- Sun would not be Rising from east
(?) Should / would + S + be + Ving ?
- Would Devi be Reading the book every morning?
- Would you be going
to school by bike ?
- Would Sun be Rising from east?
Past Future Perfect Tense
Fungsi
Past Future Perfect Tense - Fungsi Past Future Perfect Tense adalah digunakan
untuk Conditional Sentence atau kalimat pengandaian sebagai induk kalimat untuk
menyatakan unreal past ( lampau tak nyata)
(+) S + Should / Would have + V3(-) S + Should / Would + not + have + V3(?) Should / Would + S + have + V3
Contoh :
You would have met a lot of
friends if you attended the party last night
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) S + Should / Would have been + Ving
(-) S + Should / Would + not + have been + Ving
(?) Should / Would + S + have been + Ving ?
Contoh
:
She
expected that her baby would have been sleepin for hours when she arrived home.
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