ATURAN PENGGUNAAN ARTICLE A DAN AN DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA INGGRIS - Dalam artikel sebelumnya sudah dibahas penggunaan article the dalam kalimat bahasa inggris dan pada artikel ini akan membahas lanjutan dari jenis article  A/an atau Indefinite article. A/an merupakan kebalikan dari The. Jika pada article “ The “ memiliki fungsi untuk menunjukan sesuatu yang bersifat spesifik maka berbeda dengan article a/an yang tidak dapat memberikan keterangan atas sesuatu hal secara spesifik.

Contoh penggunaan a/an dalam kalimat :

• A fruit is good for you (ket : tidak dijelaskan buah apa yang bagus untuk “You” )

• I am going to their town tomorrow ( Tidak jelas kota yang dimaksud itu dimana dan juga karena tidak mengenal siapa “their” yang dimaksud)

• Call a policeman when you see the robber walk here (hanya menjelaskan untuk menelepon polisi, tidak ada spesifik polisi mana dan tidak dijelaskan baik polisiswanita maupun pria)

Aturan penggunaan article a/an dalam kalimat bahasa inggris :

• A  dan an memiliki arti yang sama yaitu sebuah

Contoh : A banana, a book, a car, an apple, an ant, an idiot 

• a/an dapat digunakan pada benda yang bersifat tunggal ( singular nouns ) dan tidak dapat digunakan [pada benda yang tidak dapat dihitung ( uncountable nouns )

Contoh a/am tidak dapat digunakan pada uncountable nouns:

I need a water

I I just ate a bread

She just heard a bad news

• Namun dapat digunakan pada uncountable nouns jika ada penakar untuk uncountable nouns

Contoh : 

I need a glass of water

I  just ate a big slice of bread

She just heard a piece of  bad news

• A digunakan pada kata yang memiliki huruf awal consonan

Contoh :
a zoo, a mountain, a chair, a bike, a fan, a book, dan a ruler.

• An digunakan pada kata yang memiliki huruf awal huruf vocal baik penulisan maupun pengucapannya

Contoh :

an apple, an air plane, an axe, an ant, an egg, dan an idiot

Setelah menyelesaikan artikel yang membahas tentang aturan penggunaan article a/an dalam kalimat bahasa inggris, semoga bermanfaat untuk menambah wawasan bahasa inggris.

Penggunaan kata The dalam kalimat bahasa inggris – kata “ The ” dalam bahasa inggris digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu tempat atau hal yang sangat rinci. The tidak dapat digunakan sembarangan karena dalam bahasa inggris sudah menjadi aturan baku. The termasuk dalam Grammer yang disebut article. Article sendiri dibedakan menjadi 2 jenis yaitu a/an dan the yang biasa disebut sebagai indefinite article dan definite article. Namun dalam artikel ini hanya akan dibahas mengenai penggunaan article “The”.

The : Definite article A/an : Indefinite article

Article “The” digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu hal yang bersifat Rinci atau satu tujuan jelas ( spesifik ) yaitu :

1.  The teacher gave us English exam last Tuesday ( Ket : The ditujukan untuk teacher dimana anak anak sudah tau guru yang memberikan ujian bahasa inggris selasa lalu).

2.  Thank you for the banana (Ucapan terimakasih ditujukan untuk sebuah pisang yang sudah diketahui pisang mana yang dimaksud oleh si pengucap terimakasih ).

3.  Please open the door ! (Sudah diketahui pintu mana yang diminta untuk ditutup).

Aturan Penggunaan Article "THE" Jangan Menggunakan The pada sistem Geografis berikut ini:

Sebagian besar negara atau wilayah (Misalkan Canada, China, New Zealand)

Kota, ibu kota kota atau negara (Misalnya Ottawa, Paris, California, France)

Jalan (Misalnya Front Street, Lakeview Avenue, Dogwood Crescent)

Danau (Misalnya Lake Ontario, Lake Placid, Bear Lake, Lake Toba)

Teluk (Misalnya Fundy Bay)

Gunung (Misalnya Kilimanjaro, Krakatau, Mount Everest)

Benua (Misalnya America, Africa, Australia, Asia)

Pulau (Sumatra, Java, Madagaskar)

Gunakan The sebelum nama-nama berikut ini:

Sungai, samudra, laut (misalnya the Mississippi River, the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean)

Teluk yang menggunakan “bay” di awal (misalnya the Bay of Fundy, the Bay of Bengal)

Semenanjung (misalnya the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Peninsula)

Pegunungan (misalnya the Rockies, the Dolomites, the Laurentians, the Bukit Barisan)

Kutub (misalnya the North Pole)

Wilayah geografis (misalnya the Middle East, the South)

Padang pasir dan hutan (misalnya Gobi Desert, the Black Forest)

Penjelasan singkat menegnai Penggunaan kata The dalam kalimat bahasa inggris.

Fungsi Was dan Were sebagai Verb (kata Kerja), Fungsi Was dan Were sebagai To Be, Penggunaan Was dan Were dalam kalimat.

Penggunaan Was dan Were dalam kalimat  – Was dan Were digunakan dalam sebuah kalimat dan memiliki fungsi pada kalimat dapat berperan sebagai To Be maupun Verb ( kata Kerja ). Penggunaan Was dan Were sebagai To Be memiliki struktur kalimat yang wajib memiliki kata kerja dan berada pada tenses yang menunjukan pada masa lampau ( Past Continuous ), sedangkan penggunaan Was dan Were sebagai Verb ( kata kerja ) karena dalam kalimat tidak memiliki kata kerja hanya saja ada kata yang bersifat adjective sehingga Was dan Were akan berfungsi menjadi Verb ( kata kerja ).

Was dan Were sesuai dengan subject :

I                             WAS

YOU                      WERE

THEY                    WERE

WE                        WERE

SHE                       WAS

HE                         WAS

NAMA ORANG      WAS

IT                           WAS

Fungsi “ WAS dan WERE “ sebagai Verb (Kata Kerja) adalah :

Was dan Were digunakan pada kalimat yang tidak memiliki Verb sehingga Was dan Were akan berubah menjadi Verb (Kata Kerja).

I was busy student in class yesterday
You were beautifull last sunday 
They were difficult in class
We were sad in the bed room
She was happy with her red dress 
He was stupid in the class
Cat was cute face last month

Fungsi “ WAS dan WERE “ sebagai To Be adalah :

Was dan Were digunakan pada kalimat yang  memiliki Verb sehingga Was dan Were akan berubah menjadi To Be.

I was studying english yesterday
You were cooking rice every morning
They were doing home work last night
We were playing football at sunday
She was wearing new dress yesterday
He was reading comic in library
Cat was eating fish last sunday

Demikian penggunaan Was dan Were sebagai sebagai Verb (Kata Kerja) dan To be. semoga artikel ini dapat membantu menambah ilmu pembaca.

Penggunaan To Be “ Am, Are dan Is “ dalam bahasa inggris -  Dalam Bahasa Inggris ada 3 jenis To Be yang digunakan yaitu Am, Are dan Is. Penggunaan To Be Am, Are dan Is memiliki pasangan pada kata pengganti orang yang akan dibahas pada paragraph dibawah. To be Am, Are dan Is umumnya digunakan pada tenses yang bersifat Present ( waktu sekarang ) . Fungsi Am, Are dan Is dalam sebuah paragraf bisa menjadi To Be dan bisa juga sebagai Kata kerja.

• Penggunaan To Be “ Am, Are dan Is “ untuk Subject adalah :

I	Am
YOU	Are
THEY	Are
WE	Are
HE	IS
SHE	IS
IT (Pengganti nama orang, benda, binantang, kota dan etc  )	IS

• Penggunaan To Be “ Am, Are dan Is ”   sebagai kata kerja (Verb) pada kalimat jika dalam kalimat tersebuta hanya ada Subject (S) + kata sifat (adjective) :

I am bored

You are crazy man

They are smart boy

We are Indonesian

He is handsome boy

She Is Beautiful

Risa Is singer

Reza Rahardian is actor Indonesia

Cat is Cute animal

It Is ball

Books are loss cover

• Penggunaan To Be “ Am, Are dan Is ”   dalam Bentuk kalimat tanya :

Are You Bored ?

Are you crazy man ?

Are They smart boy ?

Are We Indonesian ?

Is He handsome boy

Is She Beautiful

Is Risa singer

Is Reza Rahardian actor Indonesia

Is Cat Cute animal

Is It ball

Are Books loss cover

• Penggunaan To Be “ Am, Are dan Is ” dalam Bentuk Present Continuous Tense :

I am reading book in bed room

You are eating fried rice now

They are singing pop song

We are doing English home work

He is playing badminton

She Is cooking banana cake in kitchen

Risa Is running up run competity

Reza is studying english

Cat is nabbing a mouse

Demikian pembahasan mengenai  Penggunaan To Be “ Am, Are dan Is “ dalam bahasa inggris.

16 Tenses dalam bahasa inggris dan fungsi 16 tenses - Dalam bahasa inggris dikenal ada 16 tenses . Tenses adalah bentuk dari kata kerja (verb) yang menunjukan waktu suatu tindakan dalam kalimat bahasa inggris. Tenses memiliki aturan dalam penempatan pada suatu kalimat. Tenses akan dibedakan menjadi 16 tenses dan masing-masing memiliki fungsi dan keterangan waktu yang berbeda.

Waktu dalam tenses terdiri 3 yaitu

• Sekarang (Present)
•  Lampau (Past)
• Akan Datang (Future)

16 Tenses ,Rumus dan Contoh kalima

Simple Present Tense

Fungsi Simple Present Tense - Fungsi Simple Present Tense adalah untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang bersifat tetap, kebiasaan dan berulang secara rutin. Kejadian pada tensen Simple Present Tense sering menyangkut diwaktu Lampau, sekarang dan yang akan datang.

Formula :

(+) S + V s/es

- Devi breakfasts every morning

- I Go to school by bike

- Sun Rises from east

(-) S + Do / Does + Not + V1

- Devi does not breakfast every morning

- I do not go to school by bike

- Sun does not Rise from east

(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + ?

-Does Devi breakfast every morning?

- Do You go to school by bike ?

- Does Sun Rise from east?

Present Continuous Tense 

Fungsi Present Continuous Tense - Fungsi Present Continuous Tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini atau tindakan yang sedang berlangsung.

Formula :

(+) S + Be ( Am, Are , Is ) + V ing

- Devi is Reading the book in her bed room

- I  am going to school by bike

- Sun is Rising from east

(-) S + Be ( Am, Are , Is ) + not + V ing

- Devi is not Reading the book in her bed room

- I  am not going to school by bike

- Sun is not Rising from east

 (?) Be ( Am, Are , Is ) + S + V ing (?)

- Is Devi reading the book in her bed room?

- Are You going to school by bike ?

- Is Sun Rising from east ?

Presen Perfect Tense

Fungsi Presen Perfect Tense - Fungsi Presen Perfect Tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang menitik beratkan pada sudah atau selesainya suatu tindakan tersebut bukan pada waktunya. Pada Presen Perfect Tense tidak pernah diikuti oleh keterangan waktu

Formula :

(+) S + have / has + V3

- Devi has Read the book until 216 page

- I  have gone to school by bike

- Sun has Risen from east

(-) S + have / has + not + V3

- Devi has not Read the book until 216 page

- I  have not gone to school by bike

- Sun has not Risen from east
                                   

 (?)Have / has + S + V3 ?

- Has Devi Read the book until 216 page?

- have you gone to school by bike ?

- Has Sun Risen from east ?

Present Perfect Continuous tense

Fungsi Present Perfect Continuous tense - Fungsi Present Perfect Continuous tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang dilakukan dimasa lampau dan masih dikerjakan dimasa sekarang

Formula:

(+) S + have / has + been + V ing

- Devi has been Reading the book every morning

- I  have been going to school by bike

- Sun has  been Rising from east

(-) S + have / has + been +  not + V ing

- Devi has been not Reading the book every morning

- I  have been not going to school by bike

- Sun has been not Rising from east

 (?)Have / has + S + been + V ing ?

- Has Devi been Reading the book every morning?

- have you been going to school by bike ?

- Has Sun been  Rising  from east ?

Catatan : 

• pengunaan kalimat untuk perbandingan 2 tindakan We have lived here for 10 years = We have been living here for 10 years
• I have been waiting since 2 o’clock

Simple Past tense

Fungsi Simple Past tense - Fungsi Simple Past tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang terjadi di waktu lampau.

Formula :

(+) S + V2

- Devi Read the book yesterday

- I went to school by bike

- Sun Rose from east

(-) S + did + not + V2

- Devi did not Read the book yesterday

- I did not went to school by bike

- Sun did not Rose from east

(?) Did + S + V2 + ?

- Did Devi Read the book yesterday?

- Did You went to school by bike ?

- Did Sun Rose from east?

Past Continuous Tense

Fungsi Past Continuous Tense - Fungsi Past Continuous Tense Adalah untuk menyatakan tindakan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan pada waktu yang sama dimasa lampau terjadi tindakan yang lain.

Formula :

(+) S + was/ were + V ing

- Devi was Reading the book until 216 page

- I was going to school by bike

- Sun was Rising from east

(-) S + was / were + not + V ing

- Devi was not Reading the book until 216 page

- I  was not going to school by bike

- Sun was not Rising from east

 (?) Was / were + S + V ing (?)

- Was Devi reading the book until 216 page?

- Was You going to school by bike ?

- Was Sun Rising from east ?

Contoh :

• I was reading a newspaper when father came home
• When he left the sun was shining brightly

Past Perfect Tense

Fungsi Past Perfect Tense - Fungsi Past Perfect Tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang sudah selesai dilakukan diwaktu lampau. Tenses ini tidak dapat berdiri sendiri tetapi harus diikuti denan kalimat past tense.

Formula :

(+) S + had + V3

- Devi had Read the book in her bad room

- I  had gone to school by bike

- Sun had Risen from east

(-) S + had + not + V3

- Devi had not Read the book in her bad room

- I  had not gone to school by bike

- Sun had not Risen from east

                                            

 (?) Had + S + V3 ?

- Had Devi Read the book in her bad room?

- Had you gone to school by bike ?

- Had Sun Risen from east ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Fungsi Past Perfect Continuous Tense - Fungsi Past Perfect Continuous Tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang berlansun dimasa lampau ketika suatu tindakan lainnya memiliki hubungan dengan tindakan pertama.

Formula :

(+) S + had + been + V ing

- Devi had been Reading the book every morning

- I  had been going to school by bike

- Sun had  been Rising from east

(-) S + had + not + been + V ing

- Devi had not been Reading the book every morning

- I  had not been going to school by bike

- Sun had not been Rising from east

 (?) Had + S + been + V ing ?

- Had Devi been Reading the book every morning?

- had you been going to school by bike ?

- Had Sun been  Rising  from east ?

Contoh :

They had been living in France for 5 years when the war began

Simple Future Tense

Fungsi Simple Future Tense - Funsi Simple Future tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yan akan terjadi diwaktu mendatang.

Formula :

(+) S + shall / will + V 1

- Devi will Read the book every morning

- I  shall go to school by bike

- Sun will  Rise from east

(-) S + shall / we +  not + V 1

- Devi will not Read the book every morning

- I  shall  not go to school by bike

- Sun will not Rise from east

 (?) Shall / will + S + V1 ?

- Will Devi Read the book every morning?

- Will you go to school by bike ?

- Will Sun Rise from east?

Future Continuous Tense

Fungsi Future Continuous Tense - Fungsi Future Continuous Tense Adalah untuk menyatakan tindakan yan diperkirakan sedang berlangsung pada saat tertentu diwaktu yang akan datang

Formula :

(+) S + shall / will + be + V ing

- Devi will be Reading the book every morning

- I  shall be going to school by bike

- Sun will be Rising from east

(-) S + shall / we +not + be + Ving

- Devi will not be Reading the book every morning

- I  shall not be go to school by bike

- Sun will not be Rise from east

 (?) Shall / will + S + be + V1 ?

- Will Devi be Reading the book every morning?

- Will  you be going to school by bike ?

- Will Sun be Rising from east?

Future Perfect Tense

Fungsi Future Perfect Tense - Fungsi Future Perfect Tense adalah untuk menyatakan tindakan yan diperkirakan telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu mendatang

Formula :

(+) S + shall / will + have+ V 3

- Devi will have Read the book in her bed room

- I  shall have gone to school by bike

- Sun will have Risen from east

(-) S + shall / will + not + have + V 3

- Devi will not have Read the book in her bed room

- I  shall not have gone to school by bike

- Sun will not have Risen from east

 (?) S + shall / will + have+ V 3 ?

- Will Devi have Read the book in her bed room?

- Will you have gone to school by bike ?

- Will Sun have Risen from east ?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Fungsi Future Perfect Continuous Tense - Fungsi Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang diperkirakan akan berlangsung dalam kurun waktu tertentu diwaktu mendatang.

Formula :

(+) S + shall / will + have been + V ing

- Devi will have been Reading the book every morning

- I  shall have been going to school by bike

- Sun will have been Rising from east

(-) S + shall / we +not + have been + Ving

- Devi will not have been Reading the book every morning

- I  shall not have been go to school by bike

- Sun will not have been Rise from east

 (?) Shall / will + S + have been + Ving ?

- Will Devi have been Reading the book every morning?

- Will  you have been going to school by bike ?

- Will Sun have been Rising from east?

Simple Past Future Tense

Fungsi Simple Past Future Tense - Fungsi Simple Past Future Tense adalah untuk menyatakan tindakan yang bersifat pengandaian (Conditional) atau kalimat tidak lansung.(Reported Speech)

Formula :

(+) S + should / would + V 1

- Devi would Read book the every morning

- I  should go to school by bike

- Sun would  Rise from east

(-) S + should / would + not + V 1

- Devi would not Read the book every morning

- I  should not go to school by bike

- Sun would not Rise from east

 (?) Should / would + S + V1 ?

- Would Devi Read the book every morning?

- Would you go to school by bike ?

- Would Sun Rise from east?

Contoh :

If I were you I should marry her (Conditional)

He said that he would go abroad this week (Reported Speech)

Past Future Continuous Tense

Fungsi Past Future Continuous Tense - Fungsi Past Future Continuous Tense adalah digunakan untuk kalimat Reported Speech

Formula: 

(+) S + should / would be + Ving

- Devi would be Reading the book every morning

- I  should be going to school by bike

- Sun would  be Rising from east

(-) S + should / would + not + be +  Ving

- Devi would not  be Reading the book every morning

- I  should not be going to school by bike

- Sun would not be Rising from east

 (?) Should / would + S + be + Ving ?

- Would Devi be Reading the book every morning?

- Would you be  going to school by bike ?

- Would Sun be Rising from east?

Past Future Perfect Tense

Fungsi Past Future Perfect Tense - Fungsi Past Future Perfect Tense adalah digunakan untuk Conditional Sentence atau kalimat pengandaian sebagai induk kalimat untuk menyatakan unreal past ( lampau tak nyata)

(+) S + Should / Would have + V3(-)  S + Should / Would + not + have + V3(?) Should / Would  + S + have + V3

Contoh :

You would have met a lot of friends if you attended the party last night

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(+)  S + Should / Would have been + Ving
(-)  S + Should / Would + not + have been + Ving
(?)  Should / Would + S + have been + Ving ?

Contoh :

She expected that her baby would have been sleepin for hours when she arrived home.